聯經版2021選北京大學臧仲倫1931~2014的譯本。
【經典聯聯看 EP25】50 種經典說書｜《卡拉馬助夫兄弟們》：以坎坷歲月淬鍊的創作能量，寫出縮影了一個時代的家族故事。
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主持人｜王聰威 聯合文學雜誌總編輯
來賓｜劉森堯 影評家，愛爾蘭大學愛爾蘭文學碩士
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《卡拉馬助夫兄弟們》是俄國文學巨頭杜斯妥也夫斯基的最後一部作品，呈現了其一生經驗累積的思想總結。故事主線是一個家庭發生的弒父謀殺案，以及案發前後幾位兒子間的互動、嫌疑與串供。更深層的意義是作家藉此探討人性，深刻書寫人性暗處的掙扎與在善惡互搏的痛苦世界，作者筆下的每個人物，荒誕、盡情表現醜惡人性，心靈卻異常堅定，將自己所相信的人生價值奉為圭臬。本集節目邀請資深影評家劉森堯老師，與聯合文學雜誌總編輯王聰威，和我們一起聊聊這部俄羅斯文學深度之作。
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#作品是作家的生命具現
杜斯妥也夫斯基作品以深刻描繪人類靈魂的鬥爭聞名。劉森堯老師直言討論其作品不可忽略他的人生經驗。在俄國出生杜斯妥也夫斯基，早年喪母，與暴力教養的父親一同生活。青年時，因參討論政府禁書被捕，在被處決的前一刻獲釋，最終被流放至西伯利亞服苦役。這樣的經歷對他的人生觀產生了巨大影響，而《卡拉馬助夫兄弟們》深刻體現了作者深入探討苦難、救贖和信仰等問題。
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#藉偵探情節探討道德
杜斯妥也夫斯基在故事中設定了老父親這一個被害者，以及三位性格不同的兄弟，運用了許多認人物的視角來呈現事件，讓讀者不斷質疑誰是真兇，引起對正義與罪惡的深刻反思。三個卡拉馬佐夫兄弟的性格、動機和情感糾葛交織在案件中，展現出他們與父親之間的複雜關係。每個兄弟都被懷疑，尤其是與父親之間的仇恨最為明顯的長子。隨著調查深入，每位可能的加害者同時又是被害者，杜斯妥也夫斯基將宗教、道德和心理層面的探討融入其中，讓謎團超越簡單的犯罪推理，成為一場對人性和道德的深刻探索。
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🎧本集重點
01:15 隨著人生歷練重讀才真正有體悟
04:12 西伯利亞苦役是早造就偉大作家的溫床
09:38 閱讀《卡拉馬助夫兄弟們》的三個面向
12:02 在故事中創造裁判官探討宗教
13:49 以偵探情節呈現家庭倫理議題
18:52 杜斯妥也夫斯基原先計畫書寫下半部
23:00 此刻重讀《卡拉馬助夫兄弟們》的意義
25:30 朗讀書中片段
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🎧經典聯聯看Podcast：https://linkingthink.com/50thaudio
📙聯經50書單：https://linkingthink.com/linking50th-classic
📍聯經出版50週年網站：https://linkingthink.com/linking50th
🌟【經典聯聯看】文字版：https://linkingthink.com/50thebook
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🛒本集書單：
📙《卡拉馬助夫兄弟們（精裝上下冊）【杜斯妥也夫斯基兩百歲冥誕典藏書盒版】》： https://linkingthink.com/LS1870063211
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#聯經50 #經典聯聯看 #俄國文學 #信仰 #杜斯托也夫斯基
那年暑假未到哈佛之前，我已開始為自己的學術將來作點準備，決定每天看書，只有在週末「搵」一份零工餬口。然而看起書來還是三心兩意，不能專心，雖然我為自己重排的日常表非常詳盡：上午閱讀馮友蘭的《中國哲學史》，下午讀中國現代文學，週末打工時才能看課外的閒書，但不久就發現我在「閒書」方面的興趣遠大於「正書」。在當時心情驅使下，我不自覺地看了不少有關存在主義的書籍，卻越看越迷失，而讀馮友蘭的哲學史時，雖然作筆記，但還是過目即忘。只有下午的現代文學「選讀」才是我最喜歡的嗜好，我選的是魯迅全集，讀完後再看曹禺和茅盾的作品，因為這些作家在臺灣都是被禁之列，所以我的好奇心更強，尤其讀到魯迅的散文詩《野草》中的篇節，感到出奇的興奮，也不自覺地和存在主義連起來，變成了我當時思緒的「主軸」。沒想到多年後我還是回到這些暑假讀物而著書立說，文學成了我的專業，而當時為自己準備的主修課程一 中國思想史 一
卻成了副業。而存在主義的哲學思索卻把我引進杜斯妥也夫斯基的小說世界之中。說不清我當時唸過哪一本書，但卻清楚記得書中的主要論點：杜翁其實是存在主義的開山祖師！
我的哈佛歲月
李歐梵/著
二魚文化/出版
杜思妥也夫斯基小說集~杜思妥也夫斯~志文. ..
賭徒. Author, 杜斯妥也夫斯
"Nothing in this world is harder than speaking the truth."
--from CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866)
罪與罰，原文名稱：Crime and punishment，語言：繁體中文，ISBN：
杜思妥也夫斯基著 志文出版社有限公司
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky died in Saint Petersburg, Russia on this day in 1881 (aged 59).
"Above all, do not lie to yourself. A man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to a point where he does not discern any truth either in himself or anywhere around him, and thus falls into disrespect towards himself and others."
--from THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV (1880) by Fyodor Dostoevsky
--from THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV (1880) by Fyodor Dostoevsky
THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV, Dostoevsky’s last and greatest novel, published just before his death in 1881, chronicles the bitter love-hate struggle between the outsized Fyodor Karamazov and his three very different sons. It is above all the story of a murder, told with hair-raising intellectual clarity and a feeling for the human condition unsurpassed in world literature.Dostoevsky’s towering reputation as one of the handful of thinkers who forged the modern sensibility has sometimes obscured the purely novelistic virtues–brilliant characterizations, flair for suspense and melodrama, instinctive theatricality–that made his work so immensely popular in nineteenth-century Russia. This award-winning translation by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky–the definitive version in English–magnificently captures the rich and subtle energies of Dostoevsky’s masterpiece. READ an excerpt here: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/…/the-brothers-karamazo…/
Here are 10 profound lessons from The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky:
1. The Complexity of Human Nature
The novel delves into the duality of human nature, illustrating that people can embody both good and evil. Each character represents different facets of humanity, prompting readers to reflect on their moral complexities.
2. The Quest for Meaning
Dostoevsky explores the search for meaning in a seemingly chaotic world. Through the struggles of the Karamazov brothers, the novel emphasizes that understanding one’s purpose is a fundamental aspect of the human experience.
3. Faith and Doubt
The tension between faith and skepticism is central to the narrative. Characters grapple with profound spiritual questions, suggesting that doubt can be an integral part of the journey toward genuine belief.
4. The Burden of Free Will
The novel illustrates the heavy responsibility that comes with free will. Characters must face the consequences of their choices, highlighting the moral weight of individual agency in shaping one’s destiny.
5. The Nature of Suffering
Dostoevsky presents suffering as an inherent part of life, suggesting that it can lead to personal growth and deeper understanding. The novel encourages readers to confront their pain and find meaning within it.
6. The Importance of Compassion
The theme of compassion resonates throughout the story, particularly in the character of Alyosha Karamazov. The novel advocates for empathy and understanding as essential qualities in fostering human connection.
7. The Role of Redemption
Redemption is a prominent theme, with characters seeking forgiveness and a chance for moral renewal. The narrative underscores that it’s never too late to change and seek a better path.
8. The Dangers of Rationalism
Through the character of Ivan Karamazov, Dostoevsky critiques pure rationalism and its limitations. The novel suggests that human experience cannot be fully understood through reason alone and that emotional and spiritual aspects are equally important.
9. The Search for Justice
The quest for justice and moral order runs throughout the story. Characters grapple with questions of right and wrong, illustrating the complexities of ethical dilemmas and the often ambiguous nature of justice.
10. The Power of Love
Love emerges as a transformative force in the novel, capable of overcoming hatred and despair. Dostoevsky emphasizes the redemptive power of love, suggesting it can heal wounds and bring people together.
These lessons from The Brothers Karamazov provide rich insights into the human condition, exploring deep philosophical, ethical, and spiritual questions that continue to resonate with readers today.
BOOK: https://amzn.to/4eNDzZ0
You can also get the AUDIO BOOK for FREE using the same link. Use the link to register for the AUDIO BOOK on Audible and start enjoying it
2017年8月3日 星期四
Fyodor Dostoevsky杜斯妥也夫斯基：《罪與罰》；The Brothers Karamazov (1880)；《地下室手記》 Notes from Underground (Norton Critical Editions) by Fyodor Dostoevsk, Michael R. Katz (Editor)
This is possibly the hardest to place of Murakami’s choices. The second book to break away from his American obsession, at first glance it is hard to see how, if at all, it influenced his style. There is a multitude of characters in Dostoevsky’s novel with the bulk of the book relating to the four brothers and their own families. It is a deeply personal and philosophical book and this, perhaps, is where the connection lies. There is a great deal of thought in this novel – the moral kind, the spiritual kind, the desires of man, the responsibilities and ethics of man – and all of these themes feature throughout Murakami’s novels in little bite-sized pieces.
This is possibly the hardest to place of Murakami’s choices. The second book to break away from his American obsession, at first glance it is hard to see how, if at all, it influenced his style. There is a multitude of characters in Dostoevsky’s novel with the bulk of the book relating to the four brothers and their own families. It is a deeply personal and philosophical book and this, perhaps, is where the connection lies. There is a great deal of thought in this novel – the moral kind, the spiritual kind, the desires of man, the responsibilities and ethics of man – and all of these themes feature throughout Murakami’s novels in little bite-sized pieces.
Fyodor Dostoevsky
“I love humanity, but I wonder at myself, because the more I love humanity in general, the less I love man in particular."
--from "The Brothers Karamazov" (1879–1880)
--from "The Brothers Karamazov" (1879–1880)
The Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky’s last novel, published just before his death in 1881, chronicles the bitter love-hate struggle between the outsized Fyodor Karamazov and his three very different sons. It is above all the story of a murder, told with hair-raising intellectual clarity and a feeling for the human condition unsurpassed in world literature. Dostoevsky’s towering reputation as one of the handful of thinkers who forged the modern sensibility has sometimes obscured the purely novelistic virtues–brilliant characterizations, flair for suspense and melodrama, instinctive theatricality–that made his work so immensely popular in nineteenth-century Russia. READ an excerpt here: http://knopfdoubleday.com/bo…/241840/the-brothers-karamazov/
“Above all, don't lie to yourself. The man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to a point that he cannot distinguish the truth within him, or around him, and so loses all respect for himself and for others. And having no respect he ceases to love.”
―from THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV by Fyodor Dostoevsky
Today is the 195th anniversary of the birth of Fyodor Dostoevsky.
"But it has always happened that the more I detest men individually the more ardent becomes my love for humanity."
―from THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV“In the end they will lay their freedom at our feet and say to us, Make us your slaves, but feed us.”
― from "The Grand Inquisitor" in The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky
初中二年級 (1966)買讀過《罪與罰》、大一讀狄濟之？翻譯的The Brothers Karamazov....後來這些書都找不到.....
"Taking a new step, uttering a new word, is what people fear most."
― from CRIME AND PUNISHMENT(1866)
The first part of Fyodor Dostoevsky's CRIME AND PUNISHMENT appeared in the January 1866 issue of "The Russian Messenger." It was published in twelve monthly installments (the last in December 1866), and later published as a novel.
"All is in a man's hands and he lets it all slip from cowardice, that's an axiom. It would be interesting to know what it is men are most afraid of. Taking a new step, uttering a new word is what they fear most."
--from Crime and Punishment
Raskolnikov, an impoverished student living in the St. Petersburg of the tsars, is determined to overreach his humanity and assert his untrammeled individual will. When he commits an act of murder and theft, he sets into motion a story that, for its excruciating suspense, its atmospheric vividness, and its depth of characterization and vision is almost unequaled in the literatures of the world. The best known of Dostoevsky’s masterpieces, Crime and Punishment can bear any amount of rereading without losing a drop of its power over our imaginations. Dostoevsky’s drama of sin, guilt, and redemption transforms the sordid story of an old woman’s murder into the nineteenth century’s profoundest and most compelling philosophical novel. Award-winning translators Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky render this elusive and wildly innovative novel with an energy, suppleness, and range of voice that do full justice to the genius of its creator. Pevear & Volokhonsky Translation. READ an excerpt here: http://knopfdoubleday.com/…/crime-and-punish…/9780679420293/
讀書共和國新增了 4 張相片。
「我殺了一隻可惡的、有害的蝨子，一個放高利貸的老太婆，她對誰也沒有益處，她吸窮人的血，殺了她可以贖四十樁罪，這算犯罪嗎？
我可不認為這是犯罪，也沒有想去贖罪，為什麼大家都指著我說：『犯罪，犯罪！』現在我才明白，我的膽怯是愚蠢的，現在我已經下了決心要去受這種不該受的恥辱！
只是由於自己的卑鄙和無能，也許只是為了自己的利益，我才下了這個決心，就像這個……波爾菲里所建議的！……」
「哥哥，哥哥，你說什麼啊！ 要知道你殺了人？」
「大家都殺人，現在世界上正在流血，從前也常常血流成河，他們殺人如麻，鮮血像香檳酒一樣流淌，這些人因殺人如麻竟然在卡庇托林舉行加冕，以後又被稱做人類的恩人。
你只要較為用心地觀察一下，就能看清楚！ 我想為大眾造福，往後做成百成千件好事來彌補這樣一樁傻事，這甚至不是傻事，而只是一種笨拙的行為，因為這個主意根本不是像現在失敗了的時候看起來那麼傻……」
－摘自《罪與罰》
關注窮人的卑微處境，對被傷害與侮辱的小人物滿懷憐憫之情的俄羅斯作家杜斯妥也夫斯基（Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский, 1821－1881），本身也出生於貧困家庭，25歲時以處女作《窮人》出道，在雜誌《當代人》上連載並廣受好評。
他的代表作《罪與罰》，敘述窮大學生為生計所迫而殺死放高利貸的房東老太婆後，經歷漫長的內在省思，深入刻畫主角的精神狀態變化，並寫實地剖析了俄羅斯社會，和《戰爭與和平》並稱為最重要的俄羅斯小說。
杜斯妥也夫斯基影響福克納、卡繆、卡夫卡等作家，他和托爾斯泰、屠格涅夫並稱為俄羅斯文學「三巨頭」。
他在《罪與罰》中塑造的超人形象，十多年後尼采在出版的《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》中也有系統性地闡述期超人哲學。
1821年11月11日，杜斯妥也夫斯基生於莫斯科。
Notes from Underground (Second Edition) (Norton Critical Editions) Paperback
by Fyodor Dostoevsky (Author), Michael R. Katz (Editor)
The text for this edition of Notes from Underground is Michael Katz’s acclaimed translation of the 1863 novel, which is introduced and annotated specifically for English-speaking readers.
"Backgrounds and Sources" includes relevant writings by Dostoevsky, among them "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions," the author’s account of a formative trip to the West.
New to the Second Edition are excerpts from V. F. Odoevksy’s "Russian Nights" and I. S. Turgenev’s "Hamlet of Shchigrovsk District." In "Responses", Michael Katz links this seminal novel to the theme of the underground man in six famous works, two of them new to the Second Edition: an excerpt from M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s The Swallows, Woody Allen’s Notes from the Overfed, Robert Walser’s The Child, an excerpt from Ralph Ellison’s The Invisible Man, an excerpt from Yevgeny Zamyatin’s We, and an excerpt from Jean-Paul Sartre’s Erostratus.
"Criticism" brings together eleven interpretations by both Russian and Western critics from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, two of them new to the Second Edition. Included are essays by Nikolai K. Mikhailovsky, Vasily Rozanov, Lev Shestov, M. M. Bakhtin, Ralph E. Matlaw, Victor Erlich, Robert Louis Jackson, Gary Saul Morson, Richard H. Weisberg, Joseph Frank, and Tzvetan Todorov.
A Chronology and Selected Bibliography are also included.
About the author (2001)
One of the most powerful and significant authors in all modern fiction, Fyodor Dostoevsky was the son of a harsh and domineering army surgeon who was murdered by his own serfs (slaves), an event that was extremely important in shaping Dostoevsky's view of social and economic issues. He studied to be an engineer and began work as a draftsman. However, his first novel, Poor Folk (1846), was so well received that he abandoned engineering for writing. In 1849, Dostoevsky was arrested for being a part of a revolutionary group that owned an illegal printing press. He was sentenced to be executed, but the sentence was changed at the last minute, and he was sent to a prison camp in Siberia instead. By the time he was released in 1854, he had become a devout believer in both Christianity and Russia - although not in its ruler, the Czar. During the 1860's, Dostoevsky's personal life was in constant turmoil as the result of financial problems, a gambling addiction, and the deaths of his wife and brother. His second marriage in 1887 provided him with a stable home life and personal contentment, and during the years that followed he produced his great novels: Crime and Punishment (1886), the story of Rodya Raskolnikov, who kills two old women in the belief that he is beyond the bounds of good and evil; The Idiots (1868), the story of an epileptic who tragically affects the lives of those around him; The Possessed (1872), the story of the effect of revolutionary thought on the members of one Russian community; A Raw Youth (1875), which focuses on the disintegration and decay of family relationships and life; and The Brothers Karamazov (1880), which centers on the murder of Fyodor Karamazov and the effect the murder has on each of his four sons. These works have placed Dostoevsky in the front rank of the world's great novelists. Dostoevsky was an innovator, bringing new depth and meaning to the psychological novel and combining realism and philosophical speculation in his complex studies of the human condition.
Michael R. Katz , is C. V. Starr Professor of Russian and East European Studies at Middlebury College. He is the author of The Literary Ballad in Early Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature and Dreams and the Unconscious in Nineteenth-Century Russian Fiction . He has translated and edited the Norton Critical Editions of Fyodor Dostoevskyrsquo;s Notes from Underground and Ivan Turgenevrsquo;s Fathers and Children . He has also translated Alexander Herzenrsquo;s Who Is to Blame? , N. G. Chernyshevskyrsquo;s What Is to Be Done? , Dostoevskyrsquo;s Devils , Druzhininrsquo;s Polinka Saks , Artsybashevrsquo;s Sanin , and Jabotinskyrsquo;s The Five .
舊書
Notes From Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky
A Norton Critical Edition,1989
Preface
Backgrounds and Sources
Responses*
Criticism
A Chronology of Dostoevsky's Life and Work
Selected Bibiography
*包括
Nowhere Man Lyrics
Artist(Band):The Beatles
Sitting in his Nowhere Land,
Making all his nowhere plans
for nobody.
Doesn't have a point of view,
Knows not where he's going to,
Isn't he a bit like you and me?
Nowhere Man please listen,
You don't know what you're missing,
Nowhere Man,the world is at your command!
(lead guitar)
He's as blind as he can be,
Just sees what he wants to see,
Nowhere Man can you see me at all?
Nowhere Man, don't worry,
Take your time, don't hurry,
Leave it all till somebody else
lends you a hand!
Doesn't have a point of view,
Knows not where he's going to,
Isn't he a bit like you and me?
Nowhere Man please listen,
you don't know what you're missing
Nowhere Man, the world is at your command!
He's a real Nowhere Man,
Sitting in his Nowhere Land,
Making all his nowhere plans
for nobody.
Making all his nowhere plans
for nobody.
Making all his nowhere plans
for nobody!
Title
Notes from Underground: An Authoritative Translation, Backgrounds and Sources, Responses, Criticism
Norton Critical Editions
Author
Fyodor M. Dostoevsky
Editor
Michael R. Katz
Edition
2, illustrated, annotated
Publisher
W W Norton & Company Incorporated, 2001
ISBN
0393976122, 9780393976120
Length
258 pages
http://vs-press.blogspot.tw/2014/05/CL004-newsletter.html
2014年5月8日星期四
櫻桃園文化推出新譯本紀念杜斯妥也夫斯基《地下室手記》出版150年
文／櫻桃園文化總編輯 丘光
為什麼讀杜斯妥也夫斯基？
櫻桃園文化 出版第四本俄國經典文學新譯，這次輪到了杜斯妥也夫斯基的《地下室手記》，從前次萊蒙托夫的《當代英雄》跳過了果戈里到這本，簡單的理由是這兩部作品有著 極為相似的脈絡，都試圖要描繪出一個負面形象的時代之子，藉此映出社會樣貌，而且針砭時代病症，也可以說，都是給社會一面鏡子，同時給自己辯證一條自由生 活之路。今年恰逢本作出版150週年，新譯本期待以現代閱讀的觀點來向大師致敬。
對台灣讀者 而言，杜斯妥也夫斯基似乎很深沉，但我們想像的往往比我們認知的還要多、還要複雜，如果實際翻閱杜斯妥也夫斯基的作品，會發現他一生大概只寫一件事情，那 就是研究人的心裡在想什麼，以及藉由這些想法人怎麼過生活，這是永恆的問題，也是他之所以到現今仍讓我們感興趣讀的最主要理由（因為我們許多人到現在還一 直不了解週遭人在想什麼不是嗎？）。當然，小說中難免遇到困惑不解，這正是我們喜歡杜斯妥也夫斯基的原因，他試著看透時代、提出疑問，他向我們展示的人心 並非一清二楚的科學觀察結果，而是要讓我們去思索不清不楚的部分，讓我們自己在內心思索後與文本對話，這裡面有無比的現代性，使我們每次重讀都會得到更多 東西，因為我們學會去獨立思考，學會去感受自己真正要的是什麼，而非大家（或說自然規律）給我們什麼就照單全收──在「開創新局」這個層面上，他可以說是 一個心靈的革命家。
如何進入杜斯妥也夫斯基的世界？
杜斯妥也夫 斯基不僅在創作生涯極具戲劇性，在生活上也萬分精彩。他雙親早逝，青春期被丟到軍校生活，年輕時即發現罹患癲癇症，文壇成名後在文化沙龍中交際的挫折與初 戀（其實是單戀）的失敗，與屠格涅夫一生始終維持著亦敵亦友的交情，被逮捕入獄成為政治犯，近十年的西伯利亞流放，包括苦役中與極惡罪犯共同生活的經歷， 兩段婚姻與一段婚外情，沉迷賭博近十年……種種這些「真實生活」大多反應在他的小說創作裡，如果我們進一步認識作家的生活，那麼對作品中的細節或許會有更 多共鳴。
小說文本的 詮釋上，新譯本除了將譯注增加至八十餘則，其中有許多是本版獨有的，也邀請台大外文系助理教授熊宗慧專文導讀杜斯妥也夫斯基創作的現代精神，期待閱讀時能 更全面地走進杜斯妥也夫斯基的作品世界觀中。另外，還試著重現作家的生活與創作的關聯，在書末編寫了全新的圖文作家年表，挑選杜斯妥也夫斯基一生各時期的 重要圖片，文字中收有關鍵的書信片段，輔助我們理解作家當時的生活風貌與思想心境的串連。
杜斯妥也夫斯基一輩子探索人的心靈，其實早在他十八歲的時候，便已經在信中向哥哥吐露這樣的心聲：「人是一個謎，需要解開它……我在研究這個謎，因為我想成為一個人。」
怎麼看《地下室手記》？
從櫻桃園文化一開始，就有不少人提議我們新譯《卡拉馬助夫兄弟》，當然這樣的大部頭作品不是一時間能夠好好處理的，而最主要的是，閱讀杜斯妥也夫斯基，或許從《地下室手記》起步較為合適。
一位杜斯妥 也夫斯基的崇拜者、作家羅贊諾夫（他甚至娶了杜斯妥也夫斯基的前女友蘇斯洛娃）這麼說：《地下室手記》與《罪與罰》一樣，都是杜斯妥也夫斯基的巨著，在前 者中你看得到思想，後者則是藝術。沒有讀過《地下室手記》，就不可能理解《罪與罰》，而沒有讀過這兩本，則無法讀懂《群魔》和《卡拉馬助夫兄弟》。
《手記》看 似個人的懺悔錄，實則是整個時代的雜症診斷，作家虛構出「地下室人」這麼一個封閉自我的人物，藉他的形象點出時代的問題（也包括作家自身的毛病），我們看 看這個角色集合了什麼樣的時代性格：自認比任何人聰明，但又矛盾於自貶與自傲中，以個人對抗全體，卻不敢正眼看他人，疏離了真實生活，跛行於生活，自滿於 講漂亮話，用幻想緩和現實的挫折與傷痛，生活上的一切不順都可避往美與崇高之中──再看看我們現在的生活週遭，有種多麼奇妙的似曾相似！
沒錯，也許可以直接讀後期的長篇小說，只不過會少了些理解和樂趣，少了這系列作品中一個個叛逆者一路添加的懷疑之火。如果我們從《地下室手記》這個源頭開始讀，則會更清楚杜斯妥也夫斯基的思想脈絡，更明白他在生前最後一本筆記簿寫下的這幾句話：
「我並不是像小孩子那樣信仰基督的，而是透過懷疑的大熔爐試煉之後，我的『和散那』（即讚美主之意，語出福音書）才傳揚出去，就像我小說裡的『鬼』所說的那樣（指《卡拉馬助夫兄弟》中伊凡與鬼對談的那章）……」
《地下室手記》正是這座「懷疑的大熔爐」中有計劃的、最初的那把懷疑之火。儘管杜斯妥也夫斯基的作品中常見懷疑人性、著迷描寫人性中的惡，但作家總會有心靈上、精神上或宗教上的觀點來與作品中的種種懷疑相抗衡，最終將朝著他所謂的「美拯救世界」而去。
現在不妨來細細重讀杜斯妥也夫斯基在《地下室手記》裡是怎麼翻動我們的靈魂，開始來走一趟懷疑的大熔爐試煉吧！
※相關連結：
《地下室手記：杜斯妥也夫斯基經典小說新譯》新書介紹 http://vs-press.blogspot.tw/2014/04/CL004.html
關於《地下室手記》的評價 http://vs-press.blogspot.tw/2014/05/CL004-review.html
《地下室手記》作家年表裡的小故事 http://vs-press.blogspot.tw/2014/05/CL004-chronicle.html
地下室人的現代精神 http://vs-press.blogspot.tw/2014/05/CL004-introduction.html
"Our prison stood at the edge of the fortress, right by the fortress rampart. You could look at God’s world through the chinks in the fence: wouldn’t you see at least something?"
--from NOTES FROM A DEAD HOUSE (1862) by Fyodor Dostoevsky
In 1849, Dostoevsky was sentenced to four years at hard labor in a Siberian prison camp for participating in a socialist discussion group. The novel he wrote after his release, based on notes he smuggled out, not only brought him fame, but also founded the tradition of Russian prison writing. Notes from a Dead House (sometimes translated as The House of the Dead) depicts brutal punishments, feuds, betrayals, and the psychological effects of confinement, but it also reveals the moments of comedy and acts of kindness that Dostoevsky witnessed among his fellow prisoners. To get past government censors, Dostoevsky made his narrator a common-law criminal rather than a political prisoner, but the perspective is unmistakably his own. His incarceration was a transformative experience that nourished all his later works, particularly Crime and Punishment. Dostoevsky’s narrator discovers that even among the most debased criminals there are strong and beautiful souls. His story is, finally, a profound meditation on freedom: “The prisoner himself knows that he is a prisoner; but no brands, no fetters will make him forget that he is a human being.” READ an excerpt here: http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/…/notes-from-a-dead-hous…/
“That’ s the honest truth, sir, they only absorb all the resources of Russia for nothing!”
--from THE IDIOT (1874) by Fyodor Dostoevsky
--from THE IDIOT (1874) by Fyodor Dostoevsky
In THE IDIOT, the saintly Prince Myshkin returns to Russia from a Swiss sanatorium and finds himself a stranger in a society obsessed with wealth, power, and sexual conquest. He soon becomes entangled in a love triangle with a notorious kept woman, Nastasya, and a beautiful young girl, Aglaya. Extortion and scandal escalate to murder, as Dos⋯⋯
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